|
Italy decides to censor social media influencers as if they were publishers
|
|
|
|
16th January 2024
|
|
| See article from reclaimthenet.org
|
In an attempt to restrict the freedoms and rights of social media influencers, the Italian Regulatory Authority of Telecommunications (AGCOM) has announced that people with a following exceeding 1,000,000 will now be legally considered as producers of
audio-visual content within the law, placing them on the same legal footing as publishers. This drastic change was revealed in the aftermath of an investigation conducted into Chiara Ferragni , a notable adversary of Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and
Italy's most prominent social media influencer, regarding alleged fraudulent activities tied to a holiday cake charity event. Currently, influencers within Europe implementing influencer-marketing strategies are perceived not as media organizations
but as sellers or traders. However, AGCOM intends to widen this viewpoint, likening these influencers to TV, marketing agencies, and publishers, thereby imposing greater responsibility for all kinds of content they produce. This new classification
increases the legal and reputational hazards influencers face when publishing material. Under the new regulations, influencers are compelled to clearly distinguish sponsored content and ads, with penalties reaching up to a quarter-million euros for
non-compliance. Violations concerning child protection could warrant penalties exceeding half a million euros. Even non-commercial content produced by influencers must adhere to anti-discrimination regulations and uphold various standards currently
imposed on traditional media creators, such as abstention from disseminating misinformation, hate speech, or promotion of harmful behavior like excessive alcohol consumption. |
|
Italy introduces network level blocking for SIM cards registered to under 18s
|
|
|
| 19th November 2023
|
|
| See article from xbiz.com |
Italy will begin enforcing a new, experimental directive from the countries internet censor requiring all phone providers to install a default filter for all adult content, on SIM cards registered to minors. The directive from the Italian
Communications Regulatory Authority (AGCOM) was approved in January and published on Feb. 21, allowing telecom companies nine months for full implementation. AGCOM Commissioner Massimiliano Capitanio told Italian media that the measure is a testing
ground to verify the real desire of adults to take an active part in the digital education of their children. Adult content categorized for filtering includes all websites for an adult audience, showing full or partial nudity in a pornographic sexual
context, sexual accessories, sexually oriented activities, and sites that support the online purchase of such goods and services. Besides adult content, other material designated for filtering includes sites related to gambling, weapons sales,
violence, self-injury or suicide; sites that display scenes of gratuitous, sustained or brutal violence; and sites promoting hatred or intolerance toward any individual or group, or promoting practices that can damage health, like anorexia or bulimia, or
the use of drugs, alcohol or tobacco. Another blocked category is sites that provide tools and methods to make online activity untraceable, including VPNs. |
|
Italy goes after Cloudflare DNS service so as to block pirate internet TV
|
|
|
| 18th
February 2021
|
|
| See article from reclaimthenet.org |
Traditionally the authorities look towards ISPs to implement censorship orders via DNS blocking. However there are other DNS providers that perhaps via encrypted DNS that work around ISP block. Now the Italian courts have decided to order DNS provider
Cloudflare to block a couple of pirate internet TV services. Last year, Sky Italy and the top tier Italian soccer league Serie A took Cloudflare to court, hoping the company would block access to two IPTV services, ENERGY IPTV and IPTV THE BEST.
Cloudflare lost both cases. Cloudflare then appealed the injunctions, arguing that it only acts as an intermediary for web content. The court was not convinced by the arguments. In the ruling, the court said that by facilitating the sites'
availability, Cloudflare indeed is involved in copyright infringements. The court also said that the blocking should be dynamic, meaning if the sites change IP addresses, Cloudflare should still block them. |
|
The Northern League introduces internet censorship bill to the country's senate
|
|
|
|
26th June 2020
|
|
| 23rd June 2020. See article from avn.com
|
The Italian Senate is set to take up new legislation to block all online porn sites in the country, requiring internet users to specifically request that the porn blocks be removed The proposed new censorship law was introduced by Senator Simone Pillon,
a member of Italy's nationalist Northern League party, led by former Deputy Prime Minister Matteo Salvini. The law would require all makers of internet-connected devices, including computers, cell phones, and smart TVs, to install software that would
automatically block all porn sites. Users would have to file a specific request to remove the software in order to view porn online, under the proposed law. It is not yet clear whether this internet censorship measure has a realistic chance of
becoming law. Update: Thwarted 26th June 2020. See article
from xbiz.com The lower house of the Italian parliament has approved an agenda item by the ruling PD's Enza Bruno Bossio to prevent the passage of a controversial amendment that would have required all adult sites to be automatically blocked by
device manufacturers, and at the ISP level, with the proposal that subscribers would be required to individually request the block to be lifted. The amendment had been inserted, as XBIZ reported earlier this week, at the legislative committee stage by
Simone Pillon, a representative from the Lega party, and it was due to come to a vote by Monday. La Repubblica opined that the matter is not yet settled, though Bossio's agenda item is an important roadblock to the Lega's attempt to censor all adult
content on the Italian internet. |
8th October 2011 | |
| Italy's bloggers protest over right to reply bill that will throttle freedom of expression
|
1st October 2011. See article
from macworld.co.uk
|
Italy's Internet activists gathered in front of Rome's ancient Pantheon Thursday to protest a new law they say will throttle freedom of expression on the Web. The new rule, due to be presented in parliament next week, would oblige all online
publications to publish a correction within 48 hours of receiving a request or risk a EUR12,000 ( £ 10,400) fine. Critics say the law would have a particularly devastating effect on citizen bloggers and is intended to protect the
interests of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, whose image has been severely battered by the publication of police telephone taps that have cast an embarrassing light on his unorthodox private life. Luca Nicotra, secretary of the activist
association Agora Digitale, said his organization was calling on all lawmakers to support amendments to the bill that would limit its effects to professional news organizations only. A newspaper has the ability to respond to requests that may
be illegitimate. The ordinary citizen does not, Nicotra told a crowd of around 100 people gathered in front of the massive Roman temple. It's easy to imagine this instrument being used in an intimidating way, said a leaflet distributed
by Agora Digitale at the rally. Any citizen writing on the web, who doesn't have a newspaper's legal department to defend him, will be induced to accept requests for corrections even when convinced that he has written the truth, causing people to
censor themselves in order to avoid the risk of a fine. Giuseppe Giulietti, an opposition lawmaker and founder of Articolo 21 , said he would appeal against the law to the
European Court of Human Rights if it was passed in its present form by the Italian parliament. Opponents of the law were setting up a committee of media law specialists to assist bloggers and anyone else who ran into difficulty because of it,
Giulietti said. If there is a democratic emergency we will be present to support you, wherever you are, he said. Update: Wikipedia Protest 6th October 2011. Based on See
article from bbc.co.uk
Wikipedia's Italian edition has taken all entries but one offline in protest at a draft privacy law restricting the publication of police wiretaps. Transcripts of his telephone calls have embarrassed Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, on trial for
corruption and using underage prostitutes. MPs have begun debating an amendment which would limit the right of newspapers and other websites to publish wiretaps during a police investigation. Wikipedia says it may take down its Italian
site, www.wikipedia.it, permanently if the law is passed. Amendments would have to be published within 48 hours at the request of the person making the complaint, without any recourse to a court or independent adjudicator. In an open letter to its
Italian readers, Wikipedia said: The obligation to publish on our site the correction... without even the right to discuss and verify the claim, is an unacceptable restriction of the freedom and independence of
Wikipedia.
Update: Amateur bloggers excused from repressive take down requirements 8th October 2011. See
article from en.rsf.org
Reporters Without Borders has strongly condemned the resumption of parliamentary discussion of a government bill that would curb the publication of police wiretaps in the news media and would force websites to publish corrections automatically. The bill had been approved by the senate in June 2010, but had been shelved because of an outcry from civil society. Conveniently for the embattled prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi, the bill's adoption was added to the agenda of the chamber of deputies. With a few cosmetic changes that were approved by a legislative committee on 5 October, the final version was due to be voted on next week.
Reporters Without Borders said. Restricting the publication of tapped phone conversations in the media to this degree would gravely impede investigative journalism. It has all the hallmarks of a crude and
dishonest device for gagging the media. It also has a distinctly political dimension. The government is trying to cover up the prime minister's sex scandals, many of which have been exposed by the publication of phone transcripts.
Although bloggers are omitted from the bill's latest version, online journalists are facing the possibility of having to censor themselves or comply with every request for a correction in order to avoid a 12,000 euro fine. By ignoring the right to
information and by making corrections automatic, allowing no possibility of challenging them, the bill is totally out of step with international principles and European legal precedents. As a democracy and European Union member,
Italy has a duty to defend civil liberties. Italy's parliamentarians must consider the international impact of their actions and abandon this bill.
The bill would also allow any individuals who deem themselves to have been defamed by
online content to demand the publication of a statement or correction within 48 hours. The demand could be sent by email and failure to comply could result in a 12,000 euro fine. The bill's original version concerned anyone posting online,
including bloggers, but this caused such an outcry that the amended version concerns only professional websites. The vagueness of this clause continues to be very worrying. Worse still, the measure is automatic. Websites are given no
opportunity to dispute the demand for a correction before a judge on the grounds of accuracy or bad faith on the plaintiff's part.
|
6th October 2011 | |
| Italy's bloggers protest over right to reply bill that will throttle freedom of expression
|
1st October 2011. See article
from macworld.co.uk
|
Italy's Internet activists gathered in front of Rome's ancient Pantheon Thursday to protest a new law they say will throttle freedom of expression on the Web. The new rule, due to be presented in parliament next week, would oblige all online
publications to publish a correction within 48 hours of receiving a request or risk a EUR12,000 ( £ 10,400) fine. Critics say the law would have a particularly devastating effect on citizen bloggers and is intended to protect the
interests of Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, whose image has been severely battered by the publication of police telephone taps that have cast an embarrassing light on his unorthodox private life. Luca Nicotra, secretary of the activist
association Agora Digitale, said his organization was calling on all lawmakers to support amendments to the bill that would limit its effects to professional news organizations only. A newspaper has the ability to respond to requests that may
be illegitimate. The ordinary citizen does not, Nicotra told a crowd of around 100 people gathered in front of the massive Roman temple. It's easy to imagine this instrument being used in an intimidating way, said a leaflet distributed
by Agora Digitale at the rally. Any citizen writing on the web, who doesn't have a newspaper's legal department to defend him, will be induced to accept requests for corrections even when convinced that he has written the truth, causing people to
censor themselves in order to avoid the risk of a fine. Giuseppe Giulietti, an opposition lawmaker and founder of Articolo 21 , said he would appeal against the law to the
European Court of Human Rights if it was passed in its present form by the Italian parliament. Opponents of the law were setting up a committee of media law specialists to assist bloggers and anyone else who ran into difficulty because of it,
Giulietti said. If there is a democratic emergency we will be present to support you, wherever you are, he said. Update: Wikipedia Protest 6th October 2011. Based on See
article from bbc.co.uk
Wikipedia's Italian edition has taken all entries but one offline in protest at a draft privacy law restricting the publication of police wiretaps. Transcripts of his telephone calls have embarrassed Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, on trial for
corruption and using underage prostitutes. MPs have begun debating an amendment which would limit the right of newspapers and other websites to publish wiretaps during a police investigation. Wikipedia says it may take down its Italian
site, www.wikipedia.it, permanently if the law is passed. Amendments would have to be published within 48 hours at the request of the person making the complaint, without any recourse to a court or independent adjudicator. In an open letter to its
Italian readers, Wikipedia said: The obligation to publish on our site the correction... without even the right to discuss and verify the claim, is an unacceptable restriction of the freedom and independence of
Wikipedia.
|
4th July 2011 | |
| Italy set to impose a mechanism for internet censorship in the name of copyright control
|
3rd July 2011. See
article from
thepuchiherald.wordpress.com |
The Italian government has launched a fresh attack on freedom to access information. In a few days, an obscure administrative body could get huge powers to censor the internet. The party-nominated Communications Authority is about to agree on a
mechanism that could even lead to the closure of any foreign website, from Wikileaks to Youtube to Avaaz!, if suspected of violating copyright laws. Experts are already denouncing the unconstitutionality of this regulation, but it will take an
avalanche of public opposition to stop this new assault. The Avaaz website team write: Next week the Authority will vote the law, and if we build a massive public outcry against internet censorship, we
could tip the balance. Let's flood the members of the Authority with messages urging them to abstain from adopting the regulation and preserve our right to access information on the Internet. Act now and forward this email to everyone!
www.avaaz.org/en/it_internet_bavaglio/?vl Over the years, Berlusconi has sought to control information on the Internet, but so
far his attempts have failed. Now, away from the headlines, his government has a real chance to expand its tentacles into the Internet unless citizens speak up.
Update: Opposition 4th July 2011.
See article from
agi.it IdV party's Di Pietro has announced moves to counter the AgCom broadcasting watchdog's issue of new rules for the net. In a statement published via facebook, the
opposition MP said: the net is the last remaining preserve of free information and must not be subject to censorship. We [the IdV party] have filed questions in Parliament concerning AgCom's latest provisions. Update:
New Powers 6th July 2011. See article from
technorati.com The Italian telecommunications agency AGCOM has given itself a new power: starting from July 6th the agency can shut down access to any website accused by
copyright holders to break their rights. No judge will be consulted and the supposedly offending sites have no possibility to defend themselves.
|
17th February 2011 | |
| Italian police take down satirical blog about Berlusconi
|
From agi.it
|
Italian Postal Police have closed an internet blog after an article was posted on February 4 that stated I want to kill Berlusconi and described the Italian prime minister as a hypnotizing alien. The web master, Valieria Rossi was
questioned by police at the central police station in Savona. The site, savonaponente.com, was blocked and Rossi's computers were confiscated by police. The Bologna public prosecutor ordered the action taken under slander, threats and instigation
to criminal association laws.
|
30th July 2010 | |
| Nasty attack on Italian bloggers with impossibly quick right of reply requirement
|
Based on article from
advocacy.globalvoicesonline.org
|
One of the provisions of the Media and Wiretapping Bill currently being discussed by the Italian Parliament is that all those responsible for information websites will be required to issue corrections within 48 hours to any complaint regarding
website content, whether blogs, opinion, comment and/or information in general. Corrections would need to be in the same form in which the contested content was originally put online, whether text, podcast or video. Failure to do so will risk a
fine of up to 12,500 euros. This law seeks to apply to online opinion/information/news – whether professional or amateur, commercial or individual – the same rules as those applied to the traditional media as established in the law of 1948, namely
Article 8 relating to the so-called obbliga di rettifica or requirement to issue corrections. Media law will thus henceforth make no distinction between mainstream media and the multifarious world of information and/or opinion on the web. Is it right for bloggers, content-sharing websites or any other online information-providers to have to
publish a correction within 48 hours if any of their content, whether direct or indirect, is considered false or slanderous? The web is not the press. Rules should be different for mainstream media and online information. To manage any request for
correction is time-consuming and complex - just to evaluate whether the complaint is justified might require professional expertise which the vast majority of online information websites don't have. At stake is the very existence of the website - a heavy
fine would for many constitute closure. What's the likely result of this proposed law? Many bloggers and amateur participants in web debate and information-gathering will simply decide it's not worth the risk and the hassle. They'll retreat to the
position they may well have started from, namely passive consumers of news. Or continue in an active online role but only on issues of low media visibility so as to avoid drawing attention to themselves. All of this is inimical to a healthy democracy of
well-informed and actively involved citizens. Consider the practicalities of request for correction to a social networking website: first see the request (a day at the beach or illness might become very expensive indeed), then locate the author
(ditto), then check the content (how can second-hand information be quickly and effectively verified?), then decide whether the request for correction is justified (natural tendency to issue corrections each time just to be on the safe side?), then
(having carefully weighed all the relevant issues) perhaps issue the correction. All within 48 hours. Power cut? Tough luck! Server down? Your problem! A post on my website by someone I don't know on an issue I'm not interested in while I'm off
scuba-diving and I'm on the hook for 12,500 euros? This isn't law-making worthy of a modern democracy, it's robbery with intimidation.
|
9th February 2010 | |
| Italian parliamentarians request that the government back off from treating bloggers and YouTube as broadcasters
| Based on article
from thestandard.com |
Italian lawmakers on committees in the Senate and Chamber of Deputies (upper and lower houses of parliament) have requested sweeping changes in a proposed broadcasting law, particularly in the section governing the internet, which had aroused widespread
condemnation. Deputy Communications Minister Paolo Romani, who was responsible for promoting the broadcasting law, said the government would take rigorous account of the lawmakers' suggestions. Blogs with amateur videos,
online newspapers, search engines and the online versions of magazines are free, and editorial responsibility does not fall on providers who host content generated by others, Alessio Butti, the government lawmaker who drew up the text approved by the
Senate committee, told reporters. The Chamber and Senate Commissions have proposed significant and positive changes to the draft broadcasting law, Marco Pancini, senior European public policy counsel for Google Italy, said in a prepared
statement. Under the original draft of the broadcasting law, which the government says enacts a European Union directive, YouTube risked being treated as a conventional television broadcaster, requiring a special licence from the government and assuming
editorial responsibility for all material uploaded to its website. Paolo Nuti, president of the Association of Italian internet Providers (AIIP), said he welcomed the change of heart expressed by the parliamentary committees but pointed out that
their recommendations were not binding on the government. Bloggers were also quick to welcome the government's apparent U-turn. This is a new U-turn made necessary by the incompetence of the geriatric ward that, unfortunately for us, on both
sides of the political spectrum, occupies Italy's seats of power, said Andrea Guida, writing on the blog geekissimo.
|
7th January 2010 | |
| Berlusconi exploits assault for more internet censorship
|
Based on article from
indexoncensorship.org |
Silvio Berlusconi's government is exploiting the violent attack against him in order to restrict internet freedom. Early last month, at a political rally in Milan, Italy's prime minister Silvio Berlusconi was hit with a plaster statue by a man
with a long record of mental problems. His injuries were minor, he suffered a broken nose and lost a lot of blood. Following the violent attack, Berlusconi's opponents took to social networking sites and Kill Silvio briefly became a popular
Facebook group. Italian ministers blamed bloggers for creating a climate of hatred and made calls for tighter regulation. The government is now pushing for a bill that would restrict internet freedom by making it compulsory, even for blogs, to get
a government permission before posting political comment on the web. Such a measure was first envisaged in August when the press revealed that prominent members of the Lega Nord party — part of Berlusconi's ruling coalition — had created a
Facebook group inciting Italians to kill illegal immigrants.
|
23rd December 2009 | |
| Knee jerk response to Berlusconi assault
|
17th December 2009. From sfgate.com |
The Italian government has proposed introducing new restrictions on the Internet after a Facebook fan page for the man who allegedly attacked Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi on Sunday drew almost 100,000 users in under 48 hours. But the planned
clampdown on Internet hate speech sparked a heated debate over censorship and freedom of expression, leading Interior Minister Roberto Maroni to execute a partial U-turn Wednesday. Maroni and Justice Minister Angelino Alfano promised swift action
to punish those who instigate violence on the Web, suggesting the government might pass an emergency decree Thursday to create new sanctions for the offense. But Wednesday, Maroni was at pains to reassure the public that any new legislation would be
fully debated in parliament and would not curtail freedom of expression. The controversy followed the creation of several Facebook pages praising Massimo Tartaglia, the mentally disturbed man accused of hitting Berlusconi in the face with a
statuette of Milan's gothic cathedral, sending the prime minister to the hospital with broken teeth and a broken nose. Lawmakers from Berlusconi's People of Freedom party argued in parliament that the attack on the prime minister was the result of
a climate of hate generated by virulent opposition criticism and expressed outrage that so many Italians could justify such a serious physical assault. Maroni originally indicated the government was considering measures that would speed up the
removal of offensive material -- by allowing police to appeal directly to a judge without passing through a prosecutor -- impose fines on hate crime offenders, and introduce filters to prevent access to sites that instigate violence. Members of
his own party, however, were quick to warn against any curtailment of Internet freedom, suggesting that current laws already provide sufficient protection against the criminal use of the Web. Update:
Government Back Off 23rd December 2009. From nytimes.com Italy has dropped plans to black out Internet hate sites despite a pledge for radical measures after fan pages emerged on the
Internet last week praising an attack on Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi. Interior Minister Roberto Maroni, who had proposed blocking such sites following the assault on the prime minister, said after meeting with executives from Facebook,
Google, Microsoft and other Internet service providers he would seek a solution through a shared code of conduct rather than new legislation. The road to follow is to find an agreement with all those involved and avoid forcing through new
measures, Maroni told reporters: If this agreement is found, it would be the first of this kind in the world, he said, adding that more talks will be held in January.
|
18th August 2009 | |
| Protests about a draconian right to reply to bloggers
| Based on
article from news.bbc.co.uk
|
Italian bloggers went on strike in July to protest against government measures that they claim could kill the internet. They say the Alfano decree restricts the rights of bloggers to express their opinions without fear of comeback. Demonstrators
online and on the streets say the Italian government is trying to muzzle the internet.
If the Alfano decree becomes law, it would put websites on a par with newspapers, giving a right to reply to anyone who believes their reputation has been
damaged by something published on the internet.
Alessandro Gilioli, a journalist and organiser of the blogging strike, says the measures could deter people from going online: They are discouraging the use of the internet, forcing all the
bloggers to rectify any opinion that anybody thinks is hurting his honour or reputation and they are creating big fines, more than €10,000 (£8,500), if you don't publish your rectification in two days.
So that means that if a teenager stays
two days away from the computer and he doesn't rectify his opinion, he is going to pay €10,000. That's stupid and that's incredible and overall that's discouraging people to use the internet.
It is not clear if the law Italy's senate will be
voting on in the autumn will extend to bloggers, or, for that matter, who to ask about it. However Francesco Pizzetti, the president of Italy's Data Protection Authority says he does not believe the law will apply to bloggers: I don't believe they
create a new obligation, so I don't believe they concern bloggers. It concerns the websites of newspapers and of the press generally.
Supporters of the law say it is unfair that bloggers can dole out a verbal bludgeoning online without
regulation or any journalistic obligation to be fair and balanced.
As the Alfano decree suggests, Italian attitudes to the web are fundamentally out of step with other Western countries. You need an ID, for example, to log-on at a wi-fi
hotspot, and there has even been talk of banning anonymity online and obliging bloggers to register with the government.
|
| |